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URBANIZATION: Causes and Effect of Urbanization in india, Major Problems of Urbanisation in India and their Solutions

Urbanization is a process whereby populations move from rural to urban areas, enabling cities and towns to grow. It can also be termed as a progressive increase in the number of people living in towns and cities. In the present global atmosphere, all nations undergo the challenges of the environment, social, transportation, Economy in their respective cities. These issues commonly occurred in developing countries due to the difference in development in cities and villages. Most countries focus on the development of cities instead of rural areas. Consequently, the urban areas are equipped with infrastructure, public facilities as well as provide employment opportunities compared to the rural areas. Therefore inhabitants are more attracted to migrate in cities to avail hi-tech facilities, enhance their lifestyles, and ultimately these activities raise numerous urbanization issues. The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to cities. Normally, urba...

Anthropology: Meaning, Scope and Development of Anthropology, Types of Anthropology

Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behavior, and societies in the past and present. The word “anthropology” has been derived from two Greek words, Anthropos (man) and Logus (study or science) . Anthropology is, thus, the science of man. Anthropology may be called “the science of man and his works and behavior” . Anthropology means a study of all aspects of humankind at all levels of developments in any and every part of the world, both past and the present”. It aims to understand what is universal, general, and specific to the biological, cultural, and social aspects of humankind. Anthropology concerns us primarily with our own lives. It is no longer a vague study or a study without a portfolio. It is a well-defined science that tells us about the various aspects of the life of man, which is both physical and cultural, from the time of his origin till the present day. It embraces a vast field of study which views man from different angles. Anthropology is probably t...

SECULARISM, What are the advantages and disadvantages of India as a secular country?

SECULARISM, the term first used by the British writer George Holyoake in 1851. Holyoake invented the term secularism to describe his views of promoting a social order separate from religion, without actively criticizing religious belief. Secularism draws its intellectual roots from Greek and Roman philosophers such as Zeno of Citium and Marcus Aurelius . A major impact on the idea of state religious liberty came from the writings of John Locke who, in his A Letter Concerning Toleration, argued in favor of religious toleration. He argued that the government must treat all citizens and all religions equally and that it can restrict actions, but not the religious intent behind them. With the 42'nd Amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976, the Preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation . Officially, secularism has always inspired modern India. In practice, unlike Western nations of secularism, India's secularism does not s...

The Structure & Nature of traditional Indian Social System | Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rina | Features

Since ancient times, the social structure of traditional Indian society has been based mainly on the hereditary principle. The members were divided into hereditary caste groups, each caste with its traditional occupation. The actions of any individual in ancient Indian society were inherently structured on a normative, teleological socio-cultural group pattern. The normative structure consisted of Purushartha-Dharm, Artha, Kama, and Moksha. A person in this scheme of life was expected to behave in a pattern laid out for a religious sect and caste and achieve the goal of self-realization. This ideology of Indian society was followed in the ancient period through a synthesis of the system described in the Gita, the Smritis, and Arthasastra. This was, in fact, the model of Sanatan Dharm, the eternal religion. Social Structure of Indian Society: Social structure denotes the network of social relationships. The social relationship is created among the individuals when they interact with eac...

Freedom Struggle: Indian independence movement 1857-1947

The Indian Independence Movement was a series of activities with the ultimate aim of ending the British rule in India. The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947). In ancient times, people from all over the world were keen to come to India. The Persians followed by the Iranians and Parsis immigrated to India. Then came the Moghuls and they too settled down permanently in India. Chengis Khan , the Mongolian, invaded and looted India many times. Alexander the Great too, came to conquer India but went back after a battle with Porus. He-en Tsang from China came in pursuit of knowledge and to visit the ancient Indian universities of Nalanda and Takshila. Columbus wanted to come to India but instead landed on the shores of America. Vasco da Gama from Portugal came to trade his country's goods in return for Indian spices. The French came and established their colonies in India. Lastly, the Britishers came and ruled over India for nearly 200 years. After the battle of Plassey...

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